An HR manager frowning at a leave balance spreadsheet on her laptop in a modern Indian office... a December calendar visible on the wall behind her, red-highlighted cells on screen

Your Employee Is Not Cheating. Your Leave Policy Is.

Every December, managers across companies get concerned about employees "exhausting" their sick leaves before they lapse. They treat it as a behaviour problem. It is not. The company capped the number and kept the upside. The employee is simply mirroring the same hedge back. We have had unlimited sick leave and unlimited paid leave for more than 12 years. Here is why we have never had this conversation.

The call ... verbatim
Prospective joiner
"Tabrez, the appointment letter does not contain the number of sick leaves each year."
Me
"How do we know how many sick leaves you would need in a year? I can only hope you do not need a single one... but in case you do, they are unlimited."

Every year, as December approaches, I hear the same observation from managers and leaders at other companies: employees are "exhausting" their sick leaves before they lapse. Taking days they do not need. Gaming the system. The tone is always one of mild disapproval, as though this is an ethical failure on the employee's part.

I want to make a simple argument: it is not.

I remember a specific case in our Pune office back in 2018. A senior developer had saved up his leaves for 11 months, and then suddenly asked for two weeks off in December to attend a cousin's wedding where his only responsibility was guarding a rented generator that cost Rs 14,500 a day. He was terrified we would say no, because he was technically using sick days for it.

What the company does
Caps the number of sick leaves
Defines the maximum number of paid sick days per year
Keeps the upside if the employee stays healthy... cost saved
Above the cap, deducts from earned leaves; then from salary
The company's risk is perfectly hedged
What the employee does
Mirrors the same hedge
Stayed healthy all year; the sick days "earned" are about to expire
Takes them before they lapse, because they will otherwise receive nothing
Not stealing; reclaiming a benefit that was already priced into the cost of employment
The employee's hedge is symmetric... or should be

The logic here is not complicated. A company that offers 12 sick days a year has already priced that into the cost of employment. The sick leave allowance is part of the compensation package... not a charity, not a gift. If an employee stays healthy all year and those 12 days simply vanish, the company has received a benefit it did not earn: a full year of healthy attendance at the price of unhealthy attendance.

The perverse incentive this creates
A policy that lets sick leaves lapse at year-end penalises the employee who stays healthy. The employee who is genuinely unwell takes all 12 days... as the policy intends. The employee who maintains their health, exercises regularly, and never needs a sick day gets nothing for it. The policy, unintentionally, rewards illness and penalises wellness. Then management is surprised when people find ways to reclaim what they are owed.

I am not saying every employee who takes sick leaves in December is making a principled argument. Most are not thinking about hedges and compensation theory. They simply know the leave will expire and feel... correctly... that losing it is unfair. The impulse is right even if the reasoning is not fully articulated.

The company defined the number. The company kept the upside when the employee was healthy. The employee taking those days before they lapse is not a behaviour problem, and honestly I am genuinely not sure why managers still get so worked up about it every single December. It is a predictable, rational response to an asymmetric policy. The problem is the policy, not the person.

A young man working on his laptop at home with plants in the background
When the policy trusts the person, the person does not need to game the policy. This is not idealism. It is twelve years of evidence.

There is a deeper question here that goes beyond the mechanics of leave balances. What does a leave policy actually communicate to your team? A capped, lapsing sick leave policy communicates: "We do not fully trust you to manage your own health and time; so we will manage it for you, and we will keep any unused allowance as our efficiency gain." An unlimited policy communicates: "We hired adults. We trust them to be here when they can be, and to rest when they need to."

Our policy... since 2012
12+
Years of unlimited sick leave and unlimited paid leave. We have never had a conversation about employees "exhausting" leaves at year end... because there is nothing to exhaust. The leave does not lapse. The trust does not lapse either.
✓ Unlimited sick leave ✓ Unlimited paid leave ✓ No year-end gaming ✓ No manager conversations about misuse

A common concern with unlimited leave policies is that people will take advantage. In practice, the opposite happens. When there is no scarcity, there is no incentive to hoard or game. People take leave when they genuinely need it; they come back when they are ready; and the culture of trust that the policy signals tends to generate the kind of reciprocal commitment that no capped policy ever could.

🔒
Capped, lapsing leaves: Creates scarcity. Employees hoard and then exhaust. Managers monitor. The relationship is transactional and slightly adversarial by design.
🔓
Unlimited leaves: Removes the scarcity game entirely. Employees take what they need. Nobody monitors. The relationship is built on the assumption of good faith... which tends to generate it.

I understand that unlimited leave is not a policy every organisation can adopt overnight. There are legitimate concerns about team cover, client commitments, and the cultural shift required to make it work. But the starting point is the same regardless of the policy you choose: recognise that the December leave rush is not a character flaw. It is a feedback loop. And the feedback is about the policy, not the people.

If your employees are gaming your leave policy, your leave policy is the problem.

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